Heroes and Icons Star Trek the Animated Series

Heroes and Icons Star Trek the Animated Series

American animated science fiction tv serial from 1973–1974

Star Trek: The Animated Serial
Created by	Gene Roddenberry
Directed by	Hal Sutherland (flavour 1) Nib Reed (season 2)
Voices of	William Shatner Leonard Nimoy DeForest Kelley James Doohan Nichelle Nichols George Takei Majel Barrett
Country of origin	United states
Original language	English
No. of seasons	2
No. of episodes	22
Production
Executive producers	Factor Roddenberry D. C. Fontana
Producers	Norm Prescott Lou Scheimer
Running fourth dimension	24 minutes
Production companies	Filmation Kingdom of norway Productions Paramount Television
Distributor	Paramount Domestic Television
Release
Original network	NBC [ane] [2]
Motion-picture show format	NTSC
Sound format	Monaural
Original release	September 8, 1973 (1973-09-08) – Oct 12, 1974 (1974-ten-12)
Chronology
Preceded by	Star Trek: The Original Series
Followed by	Star Trek: The Next Generation
Related shows	Star Expedition Tv series

Star Trek: The Animated Serial ( TAS ), originally airing as Star Trek and every bit The Blithe Adventures of Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek , is an American animated science fiction tv set serial created by Gene Roddenberry. It originally aired Saturday mornings from September 8, 1973, to October 12, 1974, on NBC, spanning 22 episodes over two seasons. The 2d serial in the Star Trek franchise, it features mostly the same characters every bit Star Trek: The Original Series . ^[3] Set in the 23rd century, when World is part of a United Federation of Planets, it follows the adventures of the Starfleet vessel USS Enterprise as it explores the Galaxy galaxy.

After the cancellation of The Original Series (TOS) in 1969, the live action prove proved popular in syndication and generated significant fan enthusiasm. This resulted in Roddenberry'due south conclusion to keep the series in blithe grade. Much of the original bandage returned to provide voice-overs for their characters. Show writers David Gerrold and D. C. Fontana characterized The Animated Serial as effectively a fourth flavour of The Original Series. After the conclusion of The Animated Serial, the adventures of the characters continued in live-action theatrical films, the first beingness the 1979 film Star Trek: The Motion Movie .

The Animated Series was critically acclaimed and was the first Star Trek series to win an Emmy Award when its 2d flavour won the 1975 Emmy for Outstanding Entertainment – Children's Series. ^[iv]

Initial proposal [ edit ]

Lou Scheimer of Filmation was in talks with Star Trek producer Paramount Television receiver, TV network NBC, and creator Gene Roddenberry to create an animated spin-off series while The Original Series was still on the air, during its third season (1968–69). ^[5] Paramount'due south director of special programming Philip Mayer and Filmation writer/animator Don R. Christensen worked together to create a proposal for a series which would target a young audience and take an educational spin. The primary cast of Star Trek: The Original Series would railroad train the teenage crew of a ship called Excalibur about space exploration; the new teenage coiffure included a Vulcan named Steve, an African-American boy named Bob, and a Chinese boy named Stick. ^[5]

However, due to the bitter relationship between Roddenberry and Paramount at the time, Scheimer was not able to get the two parties talking to each other in order to agree on a deal for several years. During this time, the project in its original class was phased out. ^[5]

Production [ edit ]

A deal was finally reached in early on 1973, and publicly announced in early March 1973. Because of NBC'southward strong interest in the series, Roddenberry and Filmation were allotted very generous terms: a guaranteed minimum of two seasons with a combined 22 episodes, a budget of $75,000 per episode, and total creative control in Gene Roddenberry'south hands. ^[five]

Roddenberry and Filmation agreed that the serial should be for all ages, rather than the children-oriented approach of the original proposal, and at Roddenberry's suggestion The Original Series script editor D. C. Fontana was hired as the series' story editor and associate producer. ^[5] Despite the meager payment for writers ($one,300 per script, with no residuals), the opportunity to write a Star Trek episode without the special furnishings limitations of live activeness proved highly-seasoned, and many of The Original Series writers joined the staff. ^[5] Fontana steered the series abroad from the romantic and sexual elements of The Original Series, as she felt children would not be interested in them and she wanted The Animated Series to appeal to children besides equally adults. ^[5]

The Blithe Series featured most of the original cast voicing their characters. The major exception was the character of Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig), who did not announced in the serial because the series' budget could not beget the complete bandage. ^[five] He was replaced by Lieutenant Arex, whose Edosian species had three arms and three legs; Lieutenant Yard'Ress, a female Caitian, sometimes stood in for Uhura as communications officeholder. Besides performing their characters Montgomery Scott and Christine Chapel, James Doohan and Majel Barrett also performed the voices of Arex and 1000'Ress, respectively.

Initially, Filmation was merely going to utilize the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, Doohan and Barrett. Doohan and Barrett would also perform the voices of Sulu and Uhura. Nimoy refused to voice Spock in the series unless Nichelle Nichols and George Takei were added to the bandage, claiming that Sulu and Uhura were proof of the ethnic diversity of the 23rd century and should not exist recast. Nimoy also took this stand as a matter of principle, as he knew of the financial troubles many of his Star Trek co-stars were facing after cancellation of the series. ^[6] According to Scheimer, when Nimoy pointed out that the casting would cutting the only ii minority actors from the serial, "Nosotros were horrified at our unintended slight, made all the worse considering we were the one studio who had been championing diversity in its output." ^[5] Koenig was non forgotten, equally Filmation were able to assuage Nimoy's complaints on his account by ownership a script from Koenig for 1 episode ("The Infinite Vulcan"). ^[5]

Voice recording began in June 1973, with the offset three episodes recorded as an ensemble, i.due east. all the voice actors for the episode in the room at the same time. ^[5] Later episodes used the more typical model of recording the voice actors separately to piece of work around their other commitments. William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy, who were both touring in plays at the time, recorded their lines in whatsoever city they happened to be performing in and had the tapes shipped to the studio. ^[v] Doohan and Barrett, also providing the voices of their Original Serial characters and newcomers Arex and M'Ress, performed most all of the "guest star" characters in the serial, with exceptions such as Sarek, Cyrano Jones and Harry Mudd, who were performed by the original actors from The Original Series. Other guest vox actors included Ed Bishop, who voiced the Megan Prosecutor in "The Magicks of Megas-tu", and Ted Knight, who voiced Carter Winston in "The Survivor". Nichelle Nichols performed graphic symbol voices in addition to Uhura in several episodes, including "The Fourth dimension Trap" and "The Lorelei Signal".

Don Christensen, creator of the original proposal, remained involved as art managing director. Other blitheness staff included Reuben Timmins (who oversaw all shots involving the Enterprise) and a young Bob Kline. The animators rotoscoped the animations for the Enterprise and the original cast from 35 mm film footage of The Original Series. ^[5] The chevrons were enlarged to brand them easier to animate, only otherwise the coiffure's uniforms were unaltered from The Original Series. ^[5] Due to the hiring of nearly the entire regular cast of the original evidence, trivial money was left in the budget for the animation, so Filmation cut costs by using stock footage and shortcuts such as having a character put a hand to their mouth while speaking (thus eliminating the need to animate the lips) and silhouetting characters in action. ^[five]

The animated series dispensed with the original series' theme music, composed by Alexander Backbone, in favor of a new theme credited to Yvette Blais and Jeff Michael, but actually written past Filmation composer Ray Ellis. Ellis used the pseudonym Yvette Blais (the maiden name of his wife) due to complications with royalties and publishing companies, while Jeff Michael is a pseudonym for producer Norm Prescott, who received a pseudonymous credit and a cut of the royalties on all of Filmation's music as part of a standard bargain for the time. ^[5] Writing on Facebook'due south Starlog Mag official folio in March 2022, Gerrold revealed that the reason for this was a longstanding feud between Courage and Roddenberry over residue payments for airings of Star Trek: TOS episodes using the original theme: "When Courage turned in the original music, Roddenberry added his ain lyrics to it, thereby depriving Courage of half his residuals. Courage never forgave Roddenberry and refused to give permission for the reuse of the theme. That'due south why new music was written for the blithe series and again for the movies." ^[seven]

Episodes [ edit ]

Flavor 1 (1973–74) [ edit ]

Season 2 (1974) [ edit ]

Development [ edit ]

Like to most animated serial of the era, the 22 episodes of TAS were spread out over two brief seasons, with copious reruns of each episode. The director of the outset season (16 episodes) was Hal Sutherland and Pecker Reed directed the vi episodes of season 2, though the get-go 4 episodes of season two erroneously credit Sutherland. ^[5]

All of this series' episodes were novelized by Alan Dean Foster and released in 10 volumes under the Star Expedition Logs banner. Initially, Foster adapted three episodes per book, but later editions saw the half-hour scripts expanded into full, novel-length stories.

Star Trek: The Blithe Series was the only Star Trek series non to be produced with a cold open ("teaser"), instead starting directly with the title credits sequence. However, some overseas versions of the original alive activity series, such as those aired by the BBC in the Uk in the 1960s and 1970s, were edited to run the teaser after the credits.

The series' writing benefited from a Writers Society of America, East strike in 1973, which did not apply to animation. ^[8] A few episodes were written by well-known science fiction authors:

• "More Tribbles, More Troubles" was written by David Gerrold as a sequel to his episode "The Trouble with Tribbles" from the original serial. Here Cyrano Jones is rescued from the Klingons, bringing with him a genetically altered breed of tribbles which practise non reproduce but do abound extremely large. (Information technology is later discovered that these are really clusters of tribbles who office as a single tribble, and it is decided that the large numbers of smaller tribbles are preferable to the larger ones.) The Klingons, because of their hatred of tribbles, are eager to go Jones back because he stole a animate being they created: a predator chosen a "glommer" that feeds on tribbles.
• "Yesteryear" is a time-travel episode in which Mr. Spock uses "The Guardian of Forever", a time gateway from the original series episode "The City on the Border of Forever", to travel back to his own childhood. This is the just blithe Trek episode written by original series and after Next Generation writer D. C. Fontana. This was the first actual appearance of Spock's pet sehlat, first mentioned in "Journey to Babel" and finally named I-Chaya in this episode. One element from Yesteryear that has become catechism past delineation within Star Trek: The Original Serial is the Vulcan city of ShiKahr, depicted in a background scene wherein Kirk, Spock and McCoy walk beyond a natural stone bridge (start depicted in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock ) in the remastered "Amok Time". Elements of Spock's childhood from "Yesteryear" are also referenced in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Unification" equally well as the 2009 Star Trek characteristic film.
• Larry Niven's "The Slaver Weapon", adapted from his own short story "The Soft Weapon". It includes some elements from his Known Space mythos such as the Kzinti and the Slavers. This is the only Kirk-era telly or movie story in which Kirk did non appear. This episode is also the simply animated one in which characters are shown dying or being killed.

Novelties in the series [ edit ]

In the original Star Expedition series, the principal grapheme was given the name James T. Kirk. It was not until the blithe series that writer David Gerrold expanded on the "T", establishing Kirk'southward eye name as Tiberius. By coincidence, on Cistron Roddenberry's first series The Lieutenant , the master character was William Tiberius Rice. According to Gerrold, he had been influenced by I, Claudius , and had approached Roddenberry with his choice of middle name, who agreed; Gerrold did not learn about the before use of the name until 2014. ^[9]

The animated series introduced a three-armed, iii-legged conflicting member of the bridge crew with a long neck named Arex and a cat-similar conflicting coiffure member named M'Ress. According to Roddenberry, budget limitations would have made it impossible for either alien species to appear in a live activeness series of the fourth dimension. ^[5]

The USS Enterprise in this series, while supposedly the aforementioned ship as from the original series, had a holodeck similar to the one later seen in Star Trek: The Next Generation , which was set about eighty years later. It only appeared in one case, in Chuck Menville's "The Practical Joker", and was known as the "Rec Room". This characteristic was originally proposed for the original series ^[x] only was never used.

A personal forcefulness field technology known as the life support belt was seen only in Star Expedition: The Animated Series. In improver to supplying the wearer with the advisable atmosphere and environmental protection, information technology permitted the animators to simply depict the belt and yellow glow around the existing characters, instead of having to redraw them with an environmental arrange. A version of the life support belt later appeared in an early Star Trek: The Next Generation novel, The Peacekeepers , where they were referred to equally "field-effect suits".

The episode "The Lorelei Signal" provides a rare example in early on Star Trek in which a adult female took temporary control of a starship. Due to the male crew members existence incapacitated, Uhura assumes command of the Enterprise from Scotty. Other instances occurred on the first and last adventures filmed in the original serial:

• "The Cage", in which Number One took command later on the abduction of Captain Christopher Pike, and
• "Turnabout Intruder", in which Dr. Janice Lester took over the trunk of Helm Kirk and causeless command.

"The Lorelei Bespeak" and "The Infinite Vulcan", the latter written by Walter Koenig, are rare occurrences where Captain Kirk comes shut to actually proverb, "Beam me upward, Scotty" (long erroneously believed to be a Star Trek catchphrase), when he commands "Beam united states of america upwards, Scotty". Star Trek 4: The Voyage Home arguably comes closer to it past having Kirk say "Scotty, beam me up".

An anti-pollution public service announcement was created for non-profit Keep America Beautiful featuring the ST: TAS characters and original cast voices. In the ad, the Enterprise encounters the "Rhombian Pollution Chugalug". ^[xi] The advert ran during Saturday morning network programming during the series' run.

Canon bug [ edit ]

At the end of the first season of Star Trek: The Next Generation , all licenses for Star Trek spin-off fiction were renegotiated, and the animated series was substantially "decanonized" by Factor Roddenberry's role. Writers of the novels, comics and role-playing games were prohibited from using concepts from the animated series in their works. ^[12] Amongst the facts established inside the animated serial that were called into question by the "official catechism" issue was its identification of Robert April equally the first captain of the USS Enterprise in the episode "The Counter-Clock Incident".

The Star Trek Chronology past product staffers Michael Okuda and Denise Okuda does not include the animated series, merely does include certain events from "Yesteryear" and acknowledges Robert April as first helm of the Enterprise. ^[13] The timeline in Voyages of the Imagination dates the events of the series to 2269–2270, bold the events of the prove represented the final part of Kirk's five-year mission, and using revised Alan Dean Foster stardates. In the updated October 1999 edition of their volume: The Star Trek Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Future, Michael and Denise Okuda state that:

In a related vein, this piece of work (i.e. book) adheres to Paramount studio policy that regards the animated Star Trek series as non beingness part of the "official" Star Trek universe, even though we count ourselves among that series' fans. Of course, the final decision as to the "authenticity" of the blithe episodes, every bit with all elements of the show, must conspicuously be the choice of each individual reader.' ^[xiv]

David Gerrold, who contributed two stories to TAS, stated in an interview his views on the catechism upshot:

Arguments about "canon" are silly. I always felt that Star Expedition Animated was function of Star Trek because Gene Roddenberry accustomed the paycheck for it and put his name on the credits. And D. C. Fontana—and all the other writers involved—disrepair their butts to make it the all-time Star Trek they could. Just this whole business of "canon" really originated with Cistron's errand boy. Gene liked giving people titles instead of raises, and so the errand boy got named "archivist" and apparently it went to his caput. Gene handed him the responsibleness of answering all fan questions, silly or otherwise, and he apparently let that go to his head. ^[fifteen]

Writer-producer D. C. Fontana discussed the TAS Canon effect in 2007:

I suppose "canon" means what Gene Roddenberry decided it was. Think, we were making it upward as we went along on the original series (and on the animated one, besides). We had a research company to go on the states on the straight and narrow every bit to science, projected science based on known scientific discipline, science fiction references (we didn't want to stride on anyone'southward exclusive ideas in movies, other TV shows, or printed work). They likewise helped prevent contradictions and common reference errors. So the then-chosen canon evolved in its own style and its own fourth dimension. For whatever reason, Gene Roddenberry apparently didn't take the animated series seriously (no pun intended), although nosotros worked very hard to do original STAR Trek stories and concepts at all times in the animated serial. ^[16]

References to The Blithe Serial in other Star Trek series [ edit ]

Since Roddenberry's death in 1991, and the subsequent exit of Richard H. Arnold (who vetted the licensed tie-ins for Roddenberry's Star Trek function at Paramount during its later years), there have been several references to the animated series in the diverse other Trek series. In the Star Expedition: Deep Space Nine episode "One time More Unto the Alienation", Kor referred to his ship, the Klothos, which was offset named in the TAS episode "The Time Trap". Other DS9 episodes to make reference to the animated series include "Broken Link", where Elim Garak mentions Edosian orchids (Arex is an Edosian) and "Tears of the Prophets" where a Miranda-course starship is chosen the USS ShirKahr (sic) after ShiKahr, the city from "Yesteryear". In the episode "Prophet Motive" the title of healer is resurrected from "Yesteryear" equally well. Vulcan's Forge is likewise mentioned in "Change of Heart", in which Worf wants to honeymoon at that place with Jadzia Dax, also as in episodes "The Forge", "Awakening" and "Kir'Shara" from Star Trek: Enterprise .

The Star Trek: Enterprise episodes "The Catwalk" and "The Forge" included references to "Yesteryear", the latter featuring a CGI rendition of a wild sehlat. The remastered Original Series episode "Amok Time" featured ShiKahr in the background equally Spock beams up at the episode's ending, ^[17] and the remastered version of "The Ultimate Computer" replaced the Botany Bay-manner Woden with an automated grain carrier from "More than Tribbles, More Troubles".

The 2009 film Star Expedition also references "Yesteryear", featuring a well-nigh identical scene in which a young Spock is confronted by several other Vulcan children, who bully and provoke him for being part human.

The 2017 series Star Trek: Discovery episode "Context Is for Kings" has Spock's foster sister Michael Burnham state that their female parent Amanda read Alice in Wonderland to them every bit children, as in the episode "Once Upon a Planet." ^[18] The second season episode "Light and Shadows" expands on Amanda'southward reasons for doing then.

The 2022 serial Star Trek: Lower Decks episode "I, Excretus" features a Pandronian drill administrator named Shari yn Yem, the first Pandronian in the history of Trek to appear outside of TAS. The race was introduced in TAS episode "Bem".

Carter Winston, from "The Survivor", has a minor but important role late in the 1984 tie-in novel The Terminal Reflection by John M. Ford. In recent years, references to The Animated Series have as well cropped up over again in the licensed books and comics. M'Ress and Arex, characters from the blithe serial, appear in the Star Trek: New Frontier novels by Peter David, in which M'Ress and Arex are transported through time to the 24th Century, and are made officers on board the USS Trident. (David'southward previous employ of these characters, in TOS moving picture-era comics published by DC Comics, had been ended by Factor Roddenberry'south office.) ^[19]

A race introduced in the episode "The Jihad", represented by a character named M3 Green, is named the Nasat in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers e-volume novellas. These stories characteristic a regular Nasat graphic symbol, P8 Blue. The Vulcan city of ShiKahr also appears in many books. Paula Block, then of CBS Consumer Products, was responsible for approving proposals and all completed manuscripts for the licensed media necktie-ins and granted many such uses of TAS textile since Roddenberry's death.

Amarillo Design Bureau has—every bit part of its license for the Star Fleet Universe series of games—incorporated many aspects of The Animated Series into its works, not least being the inclusion of the Kzinti, although in a modified form. In addition FASA used elements from The Animated Series in its sourcebooks and modules for its Star Trek role-playing game.

Star Expedition: Enterprise producer Manny Coto has commented that had the testify been renewed for a fifth season, the Kzinti would take been introduced. ^[xx] Starship designs were produced which closely resemble the Kzinti/Mirak ships from the Star Armada Universe , a gaming universe that includes the boardgame Star Fleet Battles and its PC analogue Star Armada Control . The Kzinti were referenced in dialog in the Star Trek: Picard episode "Nepenthe", which marked their showtime canon on-screen mention since The Animated Series.

On June 27, 2007, Star Trek 'southward official site incorporated information from The Animated Serial into its library department, ^[21] with many pointing to this as bear witness that the animated series is canon, though this has non been officially confirmed. Both David Gerrold and D. C. Fontana have stated that the animated series is essentially the fourth flavour that fans wanted originally. ^[22]

Home media [ edit ]

• The consummate series was first released in the United states of america on eleven volumes of VHS tapes in 1989. In the United Kingdom, CIC Video released the complete series on seven volumes (1x4 episodes and 6x3 episodes) on PAL VHS in 1992. Although CIC-Taft Australia negotiated an Australasian release, they did not go along with their plans.
• A boxed prepare of the consummate serial on LaserDisc was released for the US marketplace in 1990, and so re-released in 1997.
• A Region 1 DVD box set up of the series was released on Nov 21, 2006, and has since been released internationally for other Regions. Each episode on CBS DVD/Paramount Home Entertainment'south Consummate Serial DVD release of Star Trek: The Animated Series (aka The Animated Adventures of Gene Roddenberry'due south Star Trek) was presented in its original network boob tube format and original airdate order - uncut and unedited - and also remastered and restored in 1080p Hard disk and full-color with remastered and remixed 5.1 surround audio and restored original mono sound. It was also the last series of Paramount's Star Trek television franchise to exist released to DVD.
• A Blu-ray release in HD was released equally part of the STAR TREK 50th Anniversary Tv and Movie Collection in the United States on September 6, 2016.
• A stand up-solitary Blu-ray release was released on November 15, 2016.

Reception [ edit ]

In 1975, Star Trek: The Animated Series won an Emmy. ^[23] The series is noted for the voice acting of actress Majel Barrett, who voiced various characters and the main computer. ^[23] Majel too had roles in the live-action series for vox acting, but also as Number One, Nurse Christine Chapel, and Lwaxana Troi.

Through both seasons, Star Trek: The Animated Series faced the reverse situation of The Original Series with regard to its popularity: ratings were high, simply skewed away from the young children which Saturday morning advertisers were trying to reach, being more popular with adults and older children. ^[5]

Star Trek: The Blithe Series was named the 96th best blithe series by IGN. They declared that although the series suffered from technical limitations, its format allowed the writers far greater freedom and creativity than was possible in the original live-activity series. ^[24] In 2022, CBR ranked all 31 seasons of Star Trek television shows, placing season 1 of TAS at 23rd, and flavor 2 at 24th. Similarly to IGN, they commented that "The animation is definitely limited by today's standards, but the idea of an animated Star Trek makes perfect sense, since concerns over budget and scope would be very different. Although only two seasons long, we were given some memorable moments." ^[25]

The comic Star Expedition vs Transformers was inspired past The Animated Series, and takes place in a similar universe. ^[26]

In 2016, in a listing that included each Star Expedition films and Television receiver series separately, The Animated Series was ranked 11th by the L.A. Times . ^[27]

In 2022, Moviefone ranked The Animated Series the seventh best out of 7 Star Trek TV serial. ^[28]

See besides [ edit ]

• List of animated spin-offs from prime time shows

References [ edit ]

1. ^ "Animated Star Expedition: Series Groundwork". Danhausertrek.com. http://www.danhausertrek.com/AnimatedSeries/Bgd.html Archived May 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ Idiotbox Watcher (September vii, 2016). "'Star Expedition'...True Space Oddity". Movie Pilot. Archived from the original on Nov 29, 2016.
3. ^ Woolery, George W. (1983). Children'due south Television: The First Thirty-Five Years, 1946-1981, Office one: Animated Drawing Series . Scarecrow Printing. pp. 271–273. ISBN 0-8108-1557-5 . Retrieved March 22, 2022.
4. ^ "Star Trek". imdb.com. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
5. ^ ^{a b c d due east f 1000 h i j k 50 yard n o p q r s} Mangels, Andy (Summertime 2022). "Star Trek: The Blithe Series". RetroFan. U.s.: TwoMorrows Publishing (1): 25–37. Archived from the original on November 17, 2022. Retrieved Oct 28, 2022.
6. ^ Takei, George. To the Stars: The Autobiography of George Takei . Pocket Books.
7. ^ Gerrold, David (March iii, 2022). ""12 Fascinating Facts Nigh 'Star Trek: The Animated Serial," comments section". Facebook . Retrieved March 6, 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
8. ^ D. C. Fontana (1991). Introduction to Star Expedition: The Classic Episodes, Volume 1.
9. ^ Silverman, D. S. (2015). Always bring phasers to an "animated" canon fight: Star Trek'southward animated adventures on Sabbatum mornings. In D. Brode & S. Brode (Eds.) Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek: The original cast adventures. Lanham, Doc: Scarecrow. ISBN978-ane-4422-4987-v
10. ^ come across, due east.g., Gerrold, The World of Star Trek
11. ^ Lost PSA: Star Expedition TAS for Keep America Beautiful! . YouTube. June 14, 2010. Archived from the original on Nov 11, 2022.
12. ^ Ayers 2006, p. 232.
13. ^ Okuda & Okuda 1996, pp. 41–42.
14. ^ Michael & Denise Okuda, The Star Trek Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Time to come, Updated and expanded edition, October 1999, Pocket Volume (a division of Simon and Schuster), p. iii
15. ^ "Star Expedition: The Animated Series". startrekanimated.com. Archived from the original on Nov 3, 2007. Retrieved Dec 5, 2007.
16. ^ "D.C. Fontana On TAS Canon (and Sybok)". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
17. ^ "ShiKahr (background image)". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on Apr 15, 2013. Retrieved May five, 2013.
18. ^ "'Star Trek: Discovery' References Spock And 'The Blithe Series'". comicbook.com. Archived from the original on Oct 4, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
19. ^ Star Trek, Series Two issue #1 lettercol, DC Comics, September 1989
20. ^ "Star Trek: Enterprise". Retentivity Alpha. Archived from the original on Jan i, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
21. ^ "The Animated Serial Gets Existent". StarTrek.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2010. Retrieved May xvi, 2022.
22. ^ Silverman, D. South. (2015). "Ever Bring Phasers to an 'Animated' Canon Fight: Star Expedition 's Animated Adventures on Saturday Mornings". In D. Brode & S. Brode (Eds.) Cistron Roddenberry's Star Trek: The Original Bandage Adventures. Lanham, Doctor: Scarecrow. ISBN978-one-4422-4987-v
23. ^ ^{a b} Burton, Bonnie. "Star Expedition: Lower Decks have you excited? Give the '70s cartoon a attempt". CNET. Archived from the original on June 26, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
24. ^ "96, Star Trek: The Blithe Serial". IGN. January 23, 2009. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
25. ^ "Every Star Trek Season of Television set Ever, Ranked from Worst to Best". CBR. January 4, 2022. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
26. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved Baronial ane, 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
27. ^ Bernardin, Marc. "Ranking every 'Star Trek' moving picture and TV serial from first to worst". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
28. ^ Pirrello, Phil. "Every Star Trek Series, Ranked From Kirk to Picard". moviefone.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.

Bibliography [ edit ]

• Alexander, David (February 16, 1995). Star Expedition Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry . Roc. ISBN 0-451-45440-five .
• Ayers, Jeff (2006). Voyages of the Imagination: The Star Trek Fiction Companion. Pocket Books. ISBN 1-4165-0349-viii .
• Okuda, Mike; Okuda, Denise (1996). Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-53610-ix .

External links [ edit ]

• Official website
• Star Expedition: The Animated Series at Paramount Plus
• Star Expedition: The Animated Serial at IMDb
• Star Expedition: The Animated Series at the Big Cartoon DataBase
• Star Expedition: The Animated Series at Memory Blastoff (a Star Expedition wiki)
• Star Expedition: The Animated Serial at Retentiveness Beta
• StarTrekAnimated.com
• Star Expedition: The Blithe Serial at TrekCore.com
• Star Trek, the Forgotten Borderland: 1970s Animation , The New York Times DVD review

Heroes and Icons Star Trek the Animated Series

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Animated_Series